{"id":1689,"date":"2023-02-10T11:50:10","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T11:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ecosocialist.scot\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2023-02-10T11:50:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T11:50:10","slug":"earthquake-in-turkey-the-state-versus-the-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecosocialist.scot\/?p=1689","title":{"rendered":"Earthquake in Turkey: the state versus the people"},"content":{"rendered":"

What do you do when you are thousands of miles from your family, writes Sarah Glynn<\/a> on Bella Caledonia<\/a>,<\/em> and their phone stops ringing and you don\u2019t know if they are lacking a signal or buried under rubble? This is the situation facing very many diaspora families with roots in the extensive region devastated by Monday morning\u2019s earthquake. Ugur Cagritekin, from Edinburgh\u2019s Kurdish community, told me that around a dozen of his close friends had already flown back to Turkey to try and find their relatives. Many members of his sister in law\u2019s family are beneath the ruins.<\/p>\n

Those remaining in Scotland, and in other parts of the Kurdish and Turkish diaspora, are working frantically to try and organise aid deliveries to the worst affected regions. Besides damaged roads and severe winter weather, this task is made much more difficult by the Turkish authorities who insist that all aid must be delivered through AFAD, the government\u2019s Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. AFAD has been shown to be woefully inadequate for the task it faces, and there are also well-founded concerns over its priorities. Government bodies are known to favour government supporters, and there is no confidence that AFAD will distribute aid where it is most needed. Rather than allow the evolution of local support networks, this top-down approach is designed to make people dependent on, and grateful to, President Erdo\u011fan and his ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). A record of government corruption makes many wary that aid distribution will be co-opted to boost the image of the government.<\/p>\n

Hatice (not her real name), another Edinburgh resident, told me that she has been working with contacts in Turkey to try and organise the delivery of essential equipment that can help some of the hundreds of thousands of people who have had to leave their homes and are struggling to survive in the bitter cold. They are looking for vehicles that can travel through the snow, and for routes where they can avoid having their supplies confiscated by AFAD. Hatice, in common with a very high proportion of Edinburgh\u2019s Kurds, hales from Elbistan. Their hometown, which was very close to the epicentre of the second earthquake that followed eight hours after the first one, has suffered severe damage. Buildings that had cracked with the first quake were brought down completely by the second. Hatice\u2019s mother-in-law is lost in her collapsed home, as are many of her cousins and friends.<\/p>\n

Monday\u2019s earthquakes have devasted ten Turkish provinces that are home to around thirteen million people: well over twice the population of Scotland. They have also caused massive destruction in Syria, especially in government-controlled areas and areas controlled by Turkey (including occupied Afr\u00een). Autonomous North and East Syria is less badly affected, and their Syrian Democratic forces have offered to provide help to all other parts of Syria \u2013 however I only have space to look at Turkey here. The scale of the disaster is terrifying. Thousands are already confirmed dead, but with so many more trapped in the destroyed buildings, and the vast majority of these buildings yet to see any rescue equipment, the number is expected to rise into the tens of thousands. Some fear the final figure may be over 100,000.<\/p>\n

Three days after the initial earthquake, which caught people asleep in their beds, many places, and especially smaller towns and villages, have yet to see any sign of official help. Local people are trying to remove the rubble that is burying their families and neighbours with their bare hands, but without the equipment to cut and lift concrete this is often impossible. Chances of survival in the sub-zero temperatures are eking away with every passing minute.<\/p>\n

Even for those who have escaped the initial destruction, conditions are extremely difficult. The risks from the many aftershocks, as well as dangerous structural damage, makes it unsafe for people to stay in their homes, but AFAD has done very little to supply them with the basic shelter, warmth, and sustenance that they need to survive. Many places are without water and electricity. Checking that surviving buildings are safe for people to return to will be a massive task in itself.<\/p>\n

Social media is full of desperate pleas for help, and anger at the absence of the authorities that should be providing it. The response from the government has been to clamp down on people sharing news of what is happening. In an angry television message on Tuesday, President Erdo\u011fan announced a State of Emergency in the affected provinces. The main effect of this, like the national emergency following the 2016 coup attempt, will be to allow much greater government control and suppression of criticism. Erdo\u011fan told viewers that he is keeping a note of all the \u2018lies and distortions\u2019 and will open his notebook \u2018when the time comes\u2019. Already, twitter has been restricted \u2013 although it was being used to provide vital information for search and rescue. Journalists have been detained while reporting from the rubble in Diyarbakir, and investigations are being opened against TV commentators and social media users.<\/p>\n

The one organisation that has the equipment, skills, and competence to make a serious impact on the rescue efforts, the Turkish army, remains in readiness to invade Syria, but only a relatively small force has been deputed to help the rescue operation.<\/p>\n

Prospects are grim and hopes are fading for the tens of thousands still buried.<\/p>\n

A natural disaster in a political context<\/h2>\n

Before looking at the huge mobilisation by local people in Turkey, and at what people in Scotland can do to help, I want to examine the political context that has massively amplified the horror of this natural disaster. Of course, the focus must be on humanity, but we do need to understand the politics that makes humanity so difficult to achieve, and the political forces that are seeking to exploit the situation for their own, very inhumane, ends.<\/p>\n

This natural disaster has taken place in the context of a lethal cocktail of ruthless neoliberal crony capitalism, political corruption, anti-Kurdish racism (which has left infrastructure underdeveloped and attacked political and civic organisation), and an increasingly dictatorial authoritarian regime that will not work with others and will not broach criticism.<\/p>\n

Across the affected region, blocks of flats have collapsed like houses of cards. Much of Turkey\u2019s recent economic development was based on a building boom, with contracts awarded to government supporters. Turkey is crossed by major geological fault lines, but in the rush for profits, there was no room for such niceties as observing earthquake design regulations. As a friend who works in disaster planning put it to me, you can have a lot of good regulations and codes, but \u2018the snag is in the governance\u2019 and politicians feel that enforcing regulations is not a vote-winning priority and that nothing will happen on their watch.<\/p>\n

The neglect of earthquake preparedness has come from the top. After the 1999 Istanbul earthquake, the government of the time brought in what was commonly known as the \u2018Earthquake Tax\u2019, which was supposed to pay for disaster preparation. This is estimated to have brought in \u00a33.8 billion pounds, but there is no evidence that this has been spent on making anything safer.<\/p>\n

It was not as if the government had lacked warnings. The Chairman of the Chamber of Geological Engineers has stated that they had not only expected an earthquake of this kind but had also submitted a report to the president and government on what should be done in preparation, which had received no response. He described the policies of uncontrolled development as \u2018rent and plunder\u2019.<\/p>\n

Despite the palpable and massive failure of the government\u2019s disaster response, Erdo\u011fan shows no sense of responsibility, let alone contrition. On Wednesday, when he finally visited Mara\u015f, at the centre of the first earthquake, he told a survivor, \u2018The damage is done. These things are part of destiny\u2019s plan.\u2019<\/p>\n

We have seen plenty of evidence of this disregard of safety planning before \u2013 notably in the lack of vital planes to fight 2021\u2019s forest fires, when, too, Erdo\u011fan seemed more concerned to stamp out negative publicity than extinguish the flames; and also in the mining disasters at Soma in 2014 and Bart\u0131n last October, when warnings of dangerous conditions were not heeded, and Erdo\u011fan also provoked anger by putting the blame on \u2018destiny\u2019.<\/p>\n

The abject inadequacy of both preparedness and response has not spared any of the cities hit, whatever their ethnic makeup or political leanings, but it is also significant that the predominantly Kurdish southeast of Turkey, where much of the damage occurred, has been purposefully left behind in infrastructural development by successive governments. And, in the places where the population voted for the pro-Kurdish leftist Peoples\u2019 Democratic Party (HDP), they have had their elected mayors removed \u2013 and often imprisoned \u2013 and civic structures that the mayors supported closed down.<\/p>\n

When people most need to work together and combine resources, Erdo\u011fan is terrified of allowing any involvement from other political parties in case it earns them support. Again, this is not a new phenomenon. The central government confiscated aid for Covid victims collected by the Peoples\u2019 Republican Party (CHP) mayors of Istanbul and Ankara. An openly HDP delivery of aid to the earthquake areas was seized by the government.<\/p>\n

Faced with a disaster of this scale and a response organisation that is clearly unable to cope, most people would have expected the government to turn to the military \u2013 the second biggest army in NATO: all the more so as Erdo\u011fan is looking for a popular victory, and what could be more universally popular than an effective response to a major disaster? That he has opted for only a very limited deployment may also be a consequence of his fear of being upstaged. Despite major purges, many in the army do not endorse his turn against Turkish secularism.<\/p>\n

The dreadful failures in the government response can also be seen as a product of the arrogance of dictatorship, where one man cannot oversee everything, but others are afraid to criticise: the emperor\u2019s new clothes syndrome.<\/p>\n

Erdo\u011fan\u2019s desperation to hold onto power at all costs makes him prioritise perception over reality. The Turkish government has increasingly resorted to stifling freedom of speech, and last year\u2019s Disinformation Law has been widely condemned as a vehicle for censorship and the criminalisation of journalism. Although making political predictions for Turkey has become even more difficult, many must be worrying that if he sees his support falling, Erdo\u011fan might use the emergency situation to postpone the forthcoming election.<\/p>\n

The scale of the Turkish Governments failures and of their impacts is staggering, but in trying to understand what could have gone so wrong, I found myself thinking of the Grenfell fire. Turkey\u2019s disaster may be a thousand times bigger, but there are many similarities in the underlying forces and in the attempt to manage perceptions rather than face responsibility.<\/p>\n

Inevitably, the lack of effective response \u2013 and in many places any response at all \u2013 has produced a swell of anger, especially among those who have waited in vain for help to rescue family members trapped beneath the debris. On Wednesday in Adiyaman, where no help had arrived more than two days after the earthquake, the Minister of Transport, and the local governor fled in their cars rather than face the angry crowd. The AKP mayor of Kirikhan has damned his party\u2019s government in front of the collapsed building that buried his children. There is a new axiom being shared round Turkey: It is not earthquakes that kill people, it is states that kill people.<\/p>\n

Solidarity from the grassroots<\/h2>\n

In contrast to the state\u2019s failures, organisations across Turkey have sprung into action, from political parties to community groups. Cars and trucks are bringing aid supplies from all over the country, organised by local groups or even private individuals.<\/p>\n

The big municipalities run by the main opposition Republican People\u2019s Party have been coordinating large collections and deliveries of basic aid, with the CHP leader announcing that they will not accept bureaucratic obstacles even if they \u2018have to be arrested for finding bread and blankets\u2019. And the HDP, which has fewer financial resources and has been deprived of municipal power, is also managing to get deliveries through despite government obstruction. (The scale of the relief effort is going to make government control increasingly difficult to implement.) 93 trucks of supplies organised by the HDP had reached the earthquake area by Wednesday morning, and Ugur Cagritekin told me that they had received news that five trucks had reached Elbistan where supplies were being delivered to people in need through the coordination of the HDP and the local Alevi centre. They want to take aid to villages as well as the town centre. Some people in the villages have moved from their homes into the relative safety of their more lightly constructed stables, where they can also benefit from the warmth of the animals, but there has been no help from outside.<\/p>\n

The HDP\u2019s strength lies in in its ability to mobilise and organise its large network of supporters and sympathisers and like-minded community organisations. As soon as they heard about the earthquake, the party dropped all other plans, set up a central coordination centre, and dispatched leading members to the affected area. Local election centres were transformed into coordination centres, while the youth organisation concentrated on rescue work. They put out calls for solidarity and for people with shelter and food to share with those without, and they helped create a framework to allow people\u2019s natural solidarity to find direction.<\/p>\n

I spoke with a volunteer at Rosa Women\u2019s Association in Diyarbakir as she took a break from preparing soup and tea for 200 people taking shelter from the dangers of damaged buildings. She told me that their city (the unofficial capital of Turkish Kurdistan) benefitted from being left wing and thus easy to organise. Even in relatively accessible Diyarbakir, where the devastation is patchy, official relief efforts are seriously inadequate; however, although the HDP mayor and council have been removed (and the mayor imprisoned), HDP organisation remains extremely strong.<\/p>\n

Their earthquake relief coordination is the HDP\u2019s philosophy of grassroots organisation and control put into action. When Ertu\u011frul K\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc, the HDP\u2019s honorary president, writes about \u2018transforming earthquake solidarity into a social movement\u2019, he is not talking about an abstract idea but a political practice.<\/p>\n

Kurdish communities outside Turkey have wanted to send essential supplies too, but there are reports of deliveries being turned back for lack of documentation, or being taken over by AFAD at the border. The consensus, across the Kurdish diaspora, is to call for financial donations to the Kurdish Red Crescent, Hevya Sor, which operates throughout the affected areas \u2013 and of course helps everyone regardless of background. Hevya Sor have the contacts on the ground that enable them to get the aid through to where it is needed, independent of government meddling. So far, this fundraising has been focused on Kurdish communities, but the many other people who want to help and are uncertain who to trust, should be reassured that this is an organisation supported by those with most reason to be concerned.<\/p>\n

To donate in from the UK please send to Hevya Sor\u2019s German bank account or donate via Paypal:<\/p>\n

Account details:<\/p>\n

IBAN: DE49 3705 0299 0004 0104 81
\nBIC\/SWIFT: COKSDE33XXX<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.heyvasor.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Republished from Bella Caledonia: https:\/\/bellacaledonia.org.uk\/2023\/02\/09\/earthquake-in-turkey-the-state-versus-the-people\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Support independent Scottish journalism – Bella Caledonia – https:\/\/bellacaledonia.org.uk\/donate<\/a><\/p>\n

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